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How to set up and use ADB over Wi-Fi

Android Debug Bridge (ADB) is a versatile tool that allows developers to communicate with Android devices for debugging and other tasks. Traditionally, ADB connections require a USB cable, but it's possible to establish a connection over Wi-Fi, offering greater flexibility. This guide provides step-by-step instructions to set up ADB over Wi-Fi and outlines common issues you might encounter.


Prerequisites

  • Android Device: Ensure your device is running Android 11 or later.Toxigon
  • Computer: A PC with ADB installed. You can download the latest version of the Android SDK Platform Tools from the official Android developer website.
  • USB Cable: Required for the initial setup.
  • Wi-Fi Network: Both your Android device and computer must be connected to the same Wi-Fi network.

Steps to set up ADB over Wi-Fi

  1. Enable Developer Options on Your Android Device:

    • Navigate to Settings > About phone.
    • Tap on Build number seven times until you see a message confirming that Developer Options are enabled.

  2. Enable USB Debugging:

    • Go back to Settings > System > Developer options.
    • Scroll down and toggle on USB debugging.

  3. Connect Your Android Device to Your Computer via USB:

    • Use a USB cable to connect your device to the computer.

  4. Verify ADB Connection:

    • Open a command prompt or terminal on your computer.
    • Enter:  
                       adb devices
                    
                    Ensure your device appears in the list of connected devices.

      5. Enable ADB Over Wi-Fi:
    • In the command prompt or terminal, type: 

                       adb tcpip 5555


                    This command restarts the ADB daemon to listen on port 5555. Stack Overflow

       6. Find your device's IP address:
    1. On your Android device, go to Settings > About phone > Status.
    2. Note the IP address listed. 
        7. Connect to your device over Wi-Fi:
                
                In the command prompt or terminal, 
                Type: 

                           adb connect [Your Device's IP Address]:5555  


                Replace [Your Device's IP Address] with the actual IP address you noted earlier. 

        8. Disconnect the USB cable:
                
                Once connected over Wi-Fi, you can unplug the USB cable.

        9. Verify the Wireless Connection:

    • Type: adb devices

                    Your device should now appear as connected over Wi-Fi.


Common Issues and Troubleshooting

  • Initial USB Connection Requirement: The first-time setup requires a USB connection to authorize the computer. Subsequent connections can be made over Wi-Fi without a USB cable. AirDroid

  • Same Network Requirement: Ensure both your Android device and computer are on the same Wi-Fi network. ADB over Wi-Fi won't work across different networks or subnets.

  • ADB Over Wi-Fi Turning Off Automatically: Some devices may disable ADB over Wi-Fi after a reboot or network change. If this happens, repeat the setup process starting from the USB connection.

  • Connection Refused Error: If you encounter a "connection refused" error:

    • Verify the IP address of your device.
    • Ensure no firewall is blocking the connection.
    • Restart the ADB server by typing:
      • adb kill-server
      • adb start-server
  • Security Considerations: Using ADB over Wi-Fi can pose security risks, especially on public networks. Ensure you're on a trusted network and disable ADB over Wi-Fi when not in use.

By following these steps and being aware of the common issues, you can effectively set up and use ADB over Wi-Fi for a more flexible development experience.
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